Horizontal and intersecting inequalities in Mozambique: 1997–2017

This study seeks to add the research on inequality in least developed countries, namely Mozambique, by measuring and mapping indicators of horizontal wealth along geographic regions ethnolinguistic identities. Using census data for 1997, 2007, 2017, we identify possible intersecting inequalities, between-group joint provincial–urban/rural–ethnolinguistic Additionally, find heterogeneous evolutions group between 1997 2017 among country’s eleven provinces. We that, while there is a general improvement average household indicators, strong suggestion increasing inequalities 2017. Although this manifest throughout country, general, evidence that southern provinces may be experiencing more equitable development. evolution driven an urban–rural decoupling, added low internal migration. These are insights from correlates. No causal inference can made analysis. However, differences groups, if perceived, feed grievances. They should better understood so underlying causes addressed.